統合と借り換え

現在、約4500万人のアメリカ人が学生ローンの借金を抱えています。その中の一人であれば、「債務整理」や「借り換え」という言葉を耳にしたことがあるかもしれません。これらの言葉の意味や違いがよくわからない場合は、ここが最適な場所です。

お金は個人のものであり、学生ローンの返済方法も例外ではありません。借り手によっては借り換えが、借り換えが理にかなっている場合もありますが、これらの選択肢はすべての借り手にとって理にかなっているとは限りません。借り換えと借り換えの違いを理解することで、自分に合った財務上の意思決定を行うことができます。

統合と借り換えの違いを見分けるのが難しい理由の一つは、この2つの用語が互換的に使用される場合があることです。両者には重要な違いがありますが、いくつかの類似点もあります。最も基本的な概念に絞り込むと、統合と借り換えはどちらも既存の学生ローンを1つの新しいローンに統合または置き換えることです。

それぞれの仕組みは異なるため、混乱が生じる可能性があります。このガイドは、借り換えと統合の違いを理解しようとしている借り手にとって、明確な理解を提供することを目的としています。まずは、学生ローンの統合について詳しく説明しましょう。

学生ローン統合

ダイレクト・コンソリデーション・ローンは、米国教育省が提供するローンで、複数の連邦教育ローンを1つの連邦ローンに統合することができます。ダイレクト・コンソリデーション・ローンで統合できるのは、連邦学生ローンのみです。ここでは、統合プロセスに関する重要な詳細をご紹介します。

  • 直接統合ローンを通じてローンを統合する場合、申請手数料はかかりません。
  • 結果として得られる金利は、以前のローン金利の加重平均であり、最も近い 1/8 パーセントに切り上げられます。
  • 借り手の月々の支払額が減った場合、それは期間の延長によるものである可能性が高く、時間の経過とともに支払う利息が増えることを意味する場合があります。
  • 金利は加重平均であり、必ずしも引き下げられるわけではないため、連邦学生ローンの統合は一般にお金の節約にはなりません。
  • 直接ローン以外のローンを統合する場合、統合により追加の所得連動型返済プラン オプションと公共サービス ローン免除 (PSLF)を利用できるようになる場合があります

複数の連邦学生ローンを異なるローンサービス会社から借りている借り手にとって、直接統合ローンによる学生ローンの統合は有益かもしれません。連邦学生ローンはすべて同じ返済プランの対象となりますが、政府は複数の異なる学生ローンサービス会社と契約しています。

つまり、連邦政府のローンのみを保有している場合でも、複数のサービス会社に返済している可能性があります。学生ローンを一本化することで返済が効率化され、毎月の請求額を一つにまとめるだけで済みます。

直接統合ローンを通じて統合された連邦ローンは、連邦ローンのままです。ただし、複数の連邦ローンを抱える代わりに、単一の金利(古い連邦ローンの平均金利)で、新しい連邦ローンが1つになります。

学生ローンの統合を検討するタイミング

次のような状況では、借り換えよりも統合を検討したほうがよいでしょう。

学生ローンを統合する方法

You can apply for a Direct Consolidation Loan online in as little as 30 minutes. Here’s how:

1.    Log in to studentaid.gov to access the direct consolidation loan application. Gather the documents listed in the “What do I need?” section before you start the application (you’ll need to finish it in one session).

2.    Choose which loans you do — and do not — want to consolidate.

3.    Select a repayment plan. You can choose a plan based on your loan balance or one that ties payments to income. (Note: If you pick an income-driven plan, you’ll need to fill out an income-driven repayment plan request form next.)

4.    Read the terms before submitting the form online.

5.    Keep on making your current loan payments until your servicer notifies you that the consolidation is complete.

Student Loan Refinancing

Refinancing is when you consolidate your student loans with a private lender and receive new rates and terms. The exact process can vary by lender, but the general idea is that a borrower consolidates their existing student loan debt with a new loan, and qualifying borrowers might be able to secure a lower interest rate. Here’s some more detail on the refinancing process.

  • When a private lender consolidates your student debt, what they are really doing is refinancing your loans.
  • Some private lenders will only refinance private student loans. SoFi, however, will consolidate and refinance both federal and private student loans.
  • Private lenders review a borrower’s credit score and history, in addition to other financial information, in order to determine the interest rate and terms the borrower qualifies for. Requirements may vary by lender.
  • Fees associated with refinancing your student loans are determined by lender. For example, there are no hidden fees when you refinance with SoFi.
  • Through refinancing your loans, borrowers receive a new (hopefully lower) interest rate, based on their current financial picture.
  • Borrowers with good credit and a strong financial picture could qualify for a lower interest rate and see substantial savings over the life of the loan through refinancing.
  • Refinancing federal student loans disqualifies them from federal repayment programs, including PSLF and income-driven repayment plans.
  • Borrowers who refinance federal student loans with private lenders will also lose out on federal protections like forbearance and deferment, which give qualifying borrowers the opportunity to temporarily pause payments in the event of financial hardship. Some private lenders have hardship programs in place, but policies will be determined by individual lenders.

Refinancing can be a solid option for some borrowers, but it won’t be the right choice for everyone. The same can be said for consolidation through a Direct Consolidation Loan. Consolidating student loans via refinancing could be a good idea for people whose financial position — in terms of employment, cash flow, credit, and other factors — has improved since they graduated from school.

Some lenders allow borrowers interested in refinancing to get a quote to see if they prequalify for a loan and give them an idea of what rates and terms are available to them. This information could help borrowers determine if they might be able to secure a lower interest rate or more favorable loan terms through refinancing.

People who are working in the public sector or taking advantage of federal debt relief programs such as income-based repayment or PSLF may not want to refinance, as these federal programs do not transfer to private refinance loans.

When to Consider Student Loan Refinancing

You might consider refinancing over consolidation in these situations:

1.    You already have private student loans. While refinancing federal loans means giving up federal benefits, you don’t have anything to lose if you are able to refinance your private student loans at a lower rate.

2.    You’re looking to save money. Federal loan consolidation won’t lower your interest rate — you’ll get the weighted average of the rates of the loans you consolidate. Private lenders will offer you an interest rate based on your (or your cosigner’s) qualifications as a borrower. That could potentially decrease your monthly payments and the amount you repay overall.

3.    You have a steady income and good or excellent credit. Refinancing private student loans can be a smart move if your credit score and income can qualify you for lower interest rates. If your credit score or income is less than ideal, you can apply with a cosigner who has a stronger financial profile.

4.    You want to change who owns the loan. You can’t consolidate federal student loans with different owners, such as ones taken out by you and ones taken out by your parents. Refinancing, however, allows you to switch who is responsible for federal loan repayment. It might also allow you to remove a cosigner from existing private loans.

How to Refinance Your Student Loans

You can refinance private or federal loans (or both). Here’s how:

1.    Research lenders. Give yourself time to shop around and compare as many student loan refinance companies as possible to find the right loan for your needs. Consider not only interest rates but also repayment terms, fees, and eligibility requirements.

2.    Get multiple interest rate offers by prequalifying. You may need to submit some basic information to prequalify, but this generally does not impact your credit score.

3.    Select your lender and loan terms. Be sure you understand your interest rate — fixed or variable — and your repayment term. These are key factors that impact your monthly payment and total cost of the loan.

4.    Complete the refinance application. Once you’ve picked a lender, you’ll need to fill out a full application and submit any required documentation, such as tax returns or pay stubs. Also be prepared to provide information about the student loans you want to refinance.

5.    Once approved, sign all required documents.You’ll keep paying your current lender until your refinance is complete.

Can You Refinance a Student Loan After Consolidation?

Yes. It’s possible to refinance your student loans even if you’ve already consolidated them with the Department of Education. Refinancing consolidated student loans could help you qualify for a lower interest rate or more beneficial loan terms. Refinancing consolidated student loans works in the same way as refinancing any other student loan.

You can refinance loans you’ve already refinanced/consolidated with a private lender as well. As long as you qualify, you can refinance your student loans as many times and as often as you’d like.


Direct Student Loan Consolidation Student Loan Refinancing
Are federal loans eligible?
Many private lenders only refinance private loans, but SoFi accepts both federal and private loans.
Are private eligible?
Is a credit check required?
Can I lower my interest rate?
Your interest rate is simply the weighted average of the original loans’ rates.
Your interest rate will be a new (hopefully lower) rate based on your credit score and other relevant finance data.
Will I save money?
Generally, you won’t see any savings. That’s because your new interest rate is a weighted average of your current loans, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent. If you extend your term, you may see your monthly payment decrease, but your total interest payments will increase.
Reducing interest rate can lower total interest costs and may lower monthly payments, depending on the term you choose.
Will I get one bill?

Looking for more guidance around student debt and financing education? Check out our Student Loan Help Center for education tools, articles, and news around all things student loans.

Learn more about managing your student loans with SoFi.

View your rate

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FOREFEIT YOUR EILIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article. Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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