現在、約4500万人のアメリカ人が学生ローンの借金を抱えています。その中の一人であれば、「債務整理」や「借り換え」という言葉を耳にしたことがあるかもしれません。これらの言葉の意味や違いがよくわからない場合は、ここが最適な場所です。
お金は個人のものであり、学生ローンの返済方法も例外ではありません。借り手によっては借り換えが、借り換えが理にかなっている場合もありますが、これらの選択肢はすべての借り手にとって理にかなっているとは限りません。借り換えと借り換えの違いを理解することで、自分に合った財務上の意思決定を行うことができます。
統合と借り換えの違いを見分けるのが難しい理由の一つは、この2つの用語が互換的に使用される場合があることです。両者には重要な違いがありますが、いくつかの類似点もあります。最も基本的な概念に絞り込むと、統合と借り換えはどちらも既存の学生ローンを1つの新しいローンに統合または置き換えることです。
それぞれの仕組みは異なるため、混乱が生じる可能性があります。このガイドは、借り換えと統合の違いを理解しようとしている借り手にとって、明確な理解を提供することを目的としています。まずは、学生ローンの統合について詳しく説明しましょう。
ダイレクト・コンソリデーション・ローンは、米国教育省が提供するローンで、複数の連邦教育ローンを1つの連邦ローンに統合することができます。ダイレクト・コンソリデーション・ローンで統合できるのは、連邦学生ローンのみです。ここでは、統合プロセスに関する重要な詳細をご紹介します。
複数の連邦学生ローンを異なるローンサービス会社から借りている借り手にとって、直接統合ローンによる学生ローンの統合は有益かもしれません。連邦学生ローンはすべて同じ返済プランの対象となりますが、政府は複数の異なる学生ローンサービス会社と契約しています。
つまり、連邦政府のローンのみを保有している場合でも、複数のサービス会社に返済している可能性があります。学生ローンを一本化することで返済が効率化され、毎月の請求額を一つにまとめるだけで済みます。
直接統合ローンを通じて統合された連邦ローンは、連邦ローンのままです。ただし、複数の連邦ローンを抱える代わりに、単一の金利(古い連邦ローンの平均金利)で、新しい連邦ローンが1つになります。
次のような状況では、借り換えよりも統合を検討したほうがよいでしょう。
1. 複数の連邦ローンを抱えている。複数の支払い、金利、条件、ローンサービス業者をうまく管理できない場合は、ローンを一本化することで、毎月の請求書を一つにまとめ、ローン返済を簡素化・合理化できます。
2. 連邦政府の保護を維持したい場合。学生ローンの借り換えとは異なり、連邦政府による学生ローンの統合は、返済猶予、猶予、免除プログラムなどの連邦政府のローン保護を無効にするものではありません。
3. 連邦救済プログラムの対象となるには、債務整理を行う必要があります。所得連動型返済および債務免除プログラムのほとんどは、連邦直接融資を対象としています。連邦家族教育プログラムまたは親向けPLUSローンをご利用の場合は、これらのプログラムを利用するには、直接統合融資に切り替える必要があります。
4. 学生ローンの返済が滞っていて、軌道修正したい。債務不履行から抜け出す一つの方法は、滞納している連邦学生ローンを直接統合ローンに統合することです。ただし、ローンを統合すると、発生した利息が元本残高に加算されることに注意してください。その後、より高い残高に対して利息が課せられるため、総支払額が増加する可能性があります。
You can apply for a Direct Consolidation Loan online in as little as 30 minutes. Here’s how:
1. Log in to studentaid.gov to access the direct consolidation loan application. Gather the documents listed in the “What do I need?” section before you start the application (you’ll need to finish it in one session).
2. Choose which loans you do — and do not — want to consolidate.
3. Select a repayment plan. You can choose a plan based on your loan balance or one that ties payments to income. (Note: If you pick an income-driven plan, you’ll need to fill out an income-driven repayment plan request form next.)
4. Read the terms before submitting the form online.
5. Keep on making your current loan payments until your servicer notifies you that the consolidation is complete.
Refinancing is when you consolidate your student loans with a private lender and receive new rates and terms. The exact process can vary by lender, but the general idea is that a borrower consolidates their existing student loan debt with a new loan, and qualifying borrowers might be able to secure a lower interest rate. Here’s some more detail on the refinancing process.
Refinancing can be a solid option for some borrowers, but it won’t be the right choice for everyone. The same can be said for consolidation through a Direct Consolidation Loan. Consolidating student loans via refinancing could be a good idea for people whose financial position — in terms of employment, cash flow, credit, and other factors — has improved since they graduated from school.
Some lenders allow borrowers interested in refinancing to get a quote to see if they prequalify for a loan and give them an idea of what rates and terms are available to them. This information could help borrowers determine if they might be able to secure a lower interest rate or more favorable loan terms through refinancing.
People who are working in the public sector or taking advantage of federal debt relief programs such as income-based repayment or PSLF may not want to refinance, as these federal programs do not transfer to private refinance loans.
You might consider refinancing over consolidation in these situations:
1. You already have private student loans. While refinancing federal loans means giving up federal benefits, you don’t have anything to lose if you are able to refinance your private student loans at a lower rate.
2. You’re looking to save money. Federal loan consolidation won’t lower your interest rate — you’ll get the weighted average of the rates of the loans you consolidate. Private lenders will offer you an interest rate based on your (or your cosigner’s) qualifications as a borrower. That could potentially decrease your monthly payments and the amount you repay overall.
3. You have a steady income and good or excellent credit. Refinancing private student loans can be a smart move if your credit score and income can qualify you for lower interest rates. If your credit score or income is less than ideal, you can apply with a cosigner who has a stronger financial profile.
4. You want to change who owns the loan. You can’t consolidate federal student loans with different owners, such as ones taken out by you and ones taken out by your parents. Refinancing, however, allows you to switch who is responsible for federal loan repayment. It might also allow you to remove a cosigner from existing private loans.
You can refinance private or federal loans (or both). Here’s how:
1. Research lenders. Give yourself time to shop around and compare as many student loan refinance companies as possible to find the right loan for your needs. Consider not only interest rates but also repayment terms, fees, and eligibility requirements.
2. Get multiple interest rate offers by prequalifying. You may need to submit some basic information to prequalify, but this generally does not impact your credit score.
3. Select your lender and loan terms. Be sure you understand your interest rate — fixed or variable — and your repayment term. These are key factors that impact your monthly payment and total cost of the loan.
4. Complete the refinance application. Once you’ve picked a lender, you’ll need to fill out a full application and submit any required documentation, such as tax returns or pay stubs. Also be prepared to provide information about the student loans you want to refinance.
5. Once approved, sign all required documents.You’ll keep paying your current lender until your refinance is complete.
Yes. It’s possible to refinance your student loans even if you’ve already consolidated them with the Department of Education. Refinancing consolidated student loans could help you qualify for a lower interest rate or more beneficial loan terms. Refinancing consolidated student loans works in the same way as refinancing any other student loan.
You can refinance loans you’ve already refinanced/consolidated with a private lender as well. As long as you qualify, you can refinance your student loans as many times and as often as you’d like.
Direct Student Loan Consolidation | Student Loan Refinancing | |
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Are federal loans eligible? |
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Many private lenders only refinance private loans, but SoFi accepts both federal and private loans.
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Are private eligible? |
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Is a credit check required? |
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Can I lower my interest rate? |
Your interest rate is simply the weighted average of the original loans’ rates.
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Your interest rate will be a new (hopefully lower) rate based on your credit score and other relevant finance data.
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Will I save money? |
Generally, you won’t see any savings. That’s because your new interest rate is a weighted average of your current loans, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent. If you extend your term, you may see your monthly payment decrease, but your total interest payments will increase.
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Reducing interest rate can lower total interest costs and may lower monthly payments, depending on the term you choose.
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Will I get one bill? |
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